The Bell Labs Technical Journal (BLTJ) highlights key research and development activities across Alcatel-Lucent — within Bell Labs, within the company’s CTO organizations, and in cross-functional projects and initiatives. It publishes papers and letters by Alcatel-Lucent researchers, scientists, and engineers and co-authors affiliated with universities, government and corporate research labs, and customer companies. Its aim is to promote progress in communications fields worldwide; Bell Labs innovations enable Alcatel-Lucent to deliver leading products, solutions, and services that meet customers’ mission critical needs.